Kindred sounds

Musics that grew next to reggae and traded with it. 4

Movement 2 Tone 1979–early 1980s core movement · continuing revival influenceCoventry and Britain

Late-1970s Britain looked back to Jamaican ska and rocksteady and smashed them into punk, new wave and multiracial youth politics.

Genre Jungle / DNB early 1990s emergence · 1993–95 explosion · living continuumLondon and British inner cities → global bass culture

Breakbeats running hot over sub-bass built to move a room.

Genre + umbrella Afrobeats 2000s growth · early-2010s umbrella name · living global networkNigeria + Ghana ↔ diaspora → the world

Contemporary West African pop in constant motion, centered especially in Nigeria and Ghana and amplified through the diaspora.

Genre Dubstep c. 1999–2005 formation · living global genreCroydon and South London → the world

South London bass music built from negative space: sub-bass, clipped drums, dubplates and a sound-system obsession with what low frequencies do to a room.

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